Migrant Voices

Oral History Interviews on the Great Migration to Pittsburgh

Letters

Johnson, Luther H. | Urban League of Pittsburgh Records, 1915-1963

Historical Context

On Wednesday morning, December 13, 1922, African Americans across the country noticed in their newspapers a short article proclaiming abundant employment opportunities in Pittsburgh for married southern Black men willing to settle there. Reprinted in major Black weeklies in the South and North, the article promised assistance to Black men and their families who settled in the Steel City.

Prospective migrants from Savannah to Houston read with interest as the local Urban League head, John T. Clark, described good-paying jobs in the steel mills of western Pennsylvania, and over the next few weeks they flooded Clark’s office with hundreds of letters seeking additional information about wages and working conditions, available housing, labor relations, and the climate. Among other things, these letters highlight the agency of southern migrants, who gathered information to help them make informed, calculated decisions about whether, when, and where to migrate. 

The original article is linked below, along with a selection of letters sent to Clark.

Source: “Pittsburgh Wants Men with Families,” New York Amsterdam News, December 13, 1922; migrant letters to John T. Clark, 1922–23, reel 5, John T. Clark Papers, Carter Woodson Collection, Library of Congress.


“Pittsburgh Wants Men with Families,” (New York Amsterdam News) 13 Dec 1922

Elmer Hines (Greenville, MS) 18 Dec 1922

Hugh Walders (Port Arthur, TX) 18 Dec 1922

James Avery Mari (New York) 18 Dec 1922

M.W. Jones (Philadelphia, PA) 18 Dec 1922

Unknown Sender (NYC) 18 Dec 1922

C.H. Hodge (Dallas, TX) 26 Dec 1922

Jessie L. Palmer (Ivor, VA) 26 Dec 1922

Henry Parr (Houston, TX) 1 Feb 1923

R.L. Jones (Pine Bluff, AR) 1 Feb 1923

A.E. Hall (Batesville, AR) 5 Feb 1923

Unknown Sender (Savannah, GA) 10 Mar 1923

Wade Blanks (Lumber City, GA) 10 Mar 1923

Edward L. Jackson (Kansas City, MO) 9 Mar 1923

G.A. Cobb (Kansas City, MO) 9 Mar 1923

J.N. Ford (Savannah, GA) 9 Mar 1923

Barnie Smith (Thomasville, BA) 1 May 1923

Jessie Wallace (Jacksonville, FL) 1 May 1923

C.W. Miller (Bannertown, NC) 24 May 1923

George Vinson (Brunswick, GA) 4 May 1923